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The Adam–God doctrine (or Adam–God theory) was a theological doctrine taught in mid-19th century Mormonism by church presidents Brigham Young, John Taylor, and Wilford Woodruff, and the apostles who served under them in the leadership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Although rejected today by the LDS Church, the doctrine is still an accepted part of the modern theology of some forms of Mormon fundamentalism. According to Young, he was taught by Joseph Smith〔Minutes of Meeting, at Historian's Office; Great Salt Lake City; 7 P.M. April 4, 1860 "It was Joseph's doctrine that Adam was God &c When in Luke Johnson's".〕 that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do".〔 (statement given in the general conference of the LDS Church on 9 April 1852).〕 According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. From another planet, he then came as Michael to form the earth,〔Journal of Discourses 7:285–90.〕 Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam serves as God, and is our Heavenly Father. Later, Adam returned to the earth to the ancient prophets, and to become the literal father of Jesus. During the 19th century and early 20th century, the Adam–God doctrine was taught in LDS Church meetings, sung in church hymns, and featured as part of the church's endowment ceremony. However, the doctrine was startling to Mormons when it was introduced, and it remained controversial. Other Mormons and some breakoff groups, the most notable being apostle Orson Pratt, rejected the doctrine in favor of other theological ideas. Eventually the Adam–God doctrine fell out of favor within the LDS Church and was replaced by a theology more similar to that of Pratt, as codified by turn-of-the century Mormon theologians James E. Talmage, B. H. Roberts, and John A. Widtsoe. In 1976, LDS Church president Spencer W. Kimball stated that the church does not support the doctrine. Presently, most Mormons accept Adam as "the Ancient of Days", "father of all",〔Doctrine and Covenants (138:38–39 ).〕 and "Michael the Archangel" but do not recognize him as being "God the Father". ==Background== Though Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, never used the term the "Adam–God" in any of his recorded public statements, he provided several teachings from which Adam–God adherents draw support. For example, Smith taught in an 1839 sermon that Adam was actually the archangel Michael who held the First Presidency in the premortal life.〔 (Before the world was formed, the First Presidency "was first given to Adam .... He is Michael the Archangel, spoken of in the Scriptures."); (doctrine of Adam as Michael and as premortal First President cited as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine).〕 In the same sermon, Smith taught that Adam holds "the keys of the universe",〔 ("Adam delivers up his stewardship to Christ, that which was delivered to him as holding the keys of the universe, but retains his standing as head of the human family.").〕 so that it is through his authority that all priesthood "keys" (i.e., the abilities to unlock particular priesthood powers) are revealed from heaven.〔 (Adam's assignment of the keys of the universe cited as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine).〕 In 1840, Smith taught that Adam is the one "through whom Christ has been revealed from heaven, and will continue to be revealed from henceforth."〔; (Adam-as-mediator doctrine cited as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine).〕 And finally, Smith taught in his 1844 King Follett discourse that God was once a man "like one of us".〔 (God "once was a man like one of us and ... God Himself, the Father of us all, once dwelled on an earth the same as Jesus Christ himself did in the flesh."); (citing teaching that God is an exalted man as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine).〕 Brigham Young and other adherents of the Adam–God doctrine claim that Smith was the originator of the doctrine,〔; ; (same); ; .〕 and that Smith privately taught them the doctrine before his death in 1844.〔 (citing minutes of meeting of the Quorum of Twelve, 4 April 1860, in which it was recorded: "It was Joseph's doctrine that Adam was God …. God comes to earth and eats and partakes of fruit. Joseph could not reveal what was revealed to him, and if Joseph had it revealed, he was not told to reveal it."); (citing Wilford Woodruff Journal of 4 September 1860, in which George Q. Cannon said "that Adam is our Father () is a true doctrine revealed from God to Joseph & Brigham. For this same doctrine is taught in some of the old Jewish records which have never been in print".); (citing Wilford Woodruff Journal of 16 December 1867, stating that "President Young said Adam was Michael the Archangel, & he was the Father of Jesus Christ & was our God & that Joseph taught this principle."); (citing an 1877 reminiscence of Anson Call, who said he heard Smith say: "now regarding Adam: He came here from another planet () an immortalized being and brought his wife, Eve, with him, and by eating of the fruits of the earth became subject to death and decay and he became of the earth, earthly, was made mortal and subject to death.").〕 However, the prevailing academic view is that the Adam–God doctrine taught by Young and others was an elaboration of Smith's vague references to Adam's unique role in Mormon doctrine.〔; ("Young's Adam–God teachings were an expansion of Joseph Smith's sermons in 1839-44"); (stating that there exists "no reliable evidence contemporary to Smith's lifetime which lends support" to the view that Smith taught the Adam–God doctrine, and that Young "was not above inventing support for beliefs where none existed previously").〕 Although Young is generally credited with originating the doctrine, the original source could also have been Young's counselor in the First Presidency Heber C. Kimball.〔 (noting that Orson Pratt and contemporary historian T. B. H. Stenhouse both attributed the doctrine to Kimball).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adam–God doctrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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